We should investigate the pathogenesis of battlefield internal diseases and explore the threats that may arise in future wars to ensure the advancement of battlefield internal medicine. Therefore, the military medical research on battlefield internal medicine should be based on contemporary military situations, focus on the purpose of treating battlefield internal diseases, and adhere to the actual needs of the troops in peacetime and wartime. The current theories of battlefield internal medicine are mainly derived from wars decades ago and cannot meet the needs of military medical support under the conditions of modern warfare. The battles often occur in special environments, such as high or low temperatures, plateau or polar areas, and micro- or hyper-gravity. With the introduction of high-tech weapons, including chemical, physical, and biological agents, a large number of special internal illnesses and casualties will appear in future wars. In both wartime and peacetime, the soldiers suffer from more internal diseases than surgical wounds. The military medical research on battlefield internal diseases focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical management, and prevention of internal diseases under military war conditions. Battlefield internal medicine aims at the treatment of combatants and noncombatants with various internal diseases on the battlefield.

Modern warfare 3 infection